National Geographic March 1918 With Babies and Pointed Heads
[[ ]]
 March 2017 cover of National Geographic | |
| Editor | Susan Goldberg[1] |
|---|---|
| Categories | Geography, history, nature, scientific discipline |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Total circulation (June 2016) | 6.1 million (global)[two] |
| First issue | September 22, 1888 (1888-09-22) [iii] |
| Visitor | National Geographic Society and
|
| Country | United States |
| Based in | Washington, D.C.[4] |
| Linguistic communication | English and various other languages |
| Website | www |
| ISSN | 0027-9358 |
| OCLC | 643483454 |
National Geographic (formerly the National Geographic Mag , sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is a popular American monthly magazine published by the National Geographic Society. Known for its photojournalism, information technology is one of the most widely read magazines of all time.
The magazine was founded in 1888 as a scholarly journal, nine months afterward the establishment of the society, but is now a popular mag. In 1905, it began including pictures, a style for which it became well-known. Its starting time color photos appeared in the 1910s. During the Cold State of war, the magazine committed itself to presenting a counterbalanced view of the physical and human being geography of nations beyond the Iron Drape. In later years, the mag became outspoken on environmental problems. Since 2019, controlling interest has been held by The Walt Disney Company.
Topics of features generally business organisation scientific discipline, geography, history, and world culture. The mag is well known for its distinctive advent: a thick square-bound sleeky format with a yellow rectangular border. Map supplements from National Geographic Maps are included with subscriptions. Information technology is available in a traditional printed edition and an interactive online edition.
As of 1995[update], the mag was circulated worldwide in nearly 40 local-language editions and had a global circulation of at least half-dozen.51000000 per month (downwards from about 12 meg in the late 1980s), including three.5 meg within the U.Due south.[six] [7] Every bit of September 2021[update], its Instagram page has 191one thousand thousand followers, the most of any account not belonging to an individual celebrity.[8] As of 2015[update], the magazine had won 25 National Mag Awards.[9]
History [edit]
January 1915 cover of The National Geographic Mag
The first effect of the National Geographic Magazine was published on September 22, 1888, nine months after the Society was founded. Information technology was initially a scholarly journal sent to 165 charter members; currently, it reaches the hands of xl million people each month.[x] Starting with its January 1905 publication of several total-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–01, the magazine inverse from being a text-oriented publication to featuring all-encompassing pictorial content, and became well known for this style. The June 1985 cover portrait of the presumed to exist 12-year-old Afghan girl Sharbat Gula, shot past photographer Steve McCurry, became ane of the magazine's most recognizable images.[ citation needed ]
National Geographic Kids, the children'due south version of the magazine, was launched in 1975 under the proper noun National Geographic World.
In the late 1990s, the mag began publishing The Complete National Geographic, an electronic compendium of every past event of the magazine. It was then sued over copyright of the magazine as a collective work in Greenberg v. National Geographic and other cases, and temporarily withdrew the compilation. The magazine somewhen prevailed in the dispute, and in July 2009 resumed publishing all by issues through December 2008. More than recent issues were later added to the collection; the archive and electronic edition of the magazine are available online to the magazine's subscribers.[ citation needed ]
In September 2015, the National Geographic Gild moved the magazine to National Geographic Partners, in which 21st Century Fox held a 73% decision-making interest.[eleven]
From December 2017 until March 2019, Disney acquired 21st Century Fox,[12] including the latter's interest in National Geographic Partners.[13] NG Media publishing unit was operationally transferred into Disney Publishing Worldwide.[14]
Administration [edit]
The current editor-in-chief of the magazine is Susan Goldberg.[1] Goldberg is also editorial director for National Geographic Partners, overseeing the print and digital expression of National Geographic's editorial content across its media platforms including National Geographic magazine. She is responsible for the news, National Geographic Traveler magazine, National Geographic History magazine, and maps. She is also responsible for all the editorial digital content with the exception of National Geographic Books and Kids. Goldberg reports to Gary Knell, CEO of National Geographic Partners.[ citation needed ]
Editors-in-chief [edit]
The magazine had a single "editor" from 1888 to 1920. From 1920 to 1967, the chief editorship was held by the president of the National Geographic Order. Since 1967, the magazine has been overseen past its own "editor" and/or "editor-in-primary". The list of editors-in-chief includes three generations of the Grosvenor family unit between 1903 and 1980.
- John Hyde: (Oct 1888 – September 1900; Editor-in-Chief: September 1900 – February 1903)[ citation needed ]
- Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (1875–1966): (Editor-in-Main: February 1903 – Jan 1920; Managing Editor: September 1900 – February 1903; Assistant Editor: May 1899 – September 1900)
- Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor: (1920–1954) (president of the society and editor-in-primary at the aforementioned time)
- John Oliver La Gorce (1879–1959): (May 1954 – January 1957) (president of the guild at the same fourth dimension)
- Melville Bong Grosvenor (1901–1982): (Jan 1957 – August 1967) (president of the society at the aforementioned time) (thereafter editor-in-chief to 1977)
- Frederick Vosburgh (1905–2005): (August 1967 – Oct 1970)
- Gilbert Melville Grosvenor (born 1931): (October 1970 – July 1980) (and then became president of the lodge)
- Wilbur E. Garrett: (July 1980 – April 1990)
- William Graves: (April 1990 – Dec 1994)
- William L. Allen: (Jan 1995 – January 2005)
- Chris Johns: (January 2005 – April 2014) (first "editor-in-chief" since MBG)
- Susan Goldberg: (April 2014 – present)[ane] [15] [16]
Articles [edit]
During the Cold War, the mag committed itself to presenting a balanced view of the concrete and human being geography of nations beyond the Iron Mantle. The magazine printed articles on Berlin, de-occupied Austria, the Soviet Wedlock, and Cathay that deliberately downplayed politics to focus on culture. In its coverage of the Infinite Race, National Geographic focused on the scientific achievement while largely avoiding reference to the race's connectedness to nuclear artillery buildup. There were likewise many articles in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s about the individual states and their resources, along with supplementary maps of each land. Many of these articles were written by longtime staff such as Frederick Simpich.[17] There were also articles about biology and science topics.[ citation needed ]
In afterward years[ when? ], articles became outspoken on issues such as environmental issues, deforestation, chemical pollution, global warming, and endangered species.[ commendation needed ] Series of articles were included focusing on the history and varied uses of specific products such as a unmarried metal, gem, nutrient crop, or agronomical product, or an archaeological discovery. Occasionally an entire month's issue would be devoted to a unmarried country, past civilization, a natural resources whose futurity is endangered, or other theme. In recent decades, the National Geographic Society has unveiled other magazines with unlike focuses. Whereas in the past, the magazine featured lengthy expositions, recent issues have shorter articles.[ commendation needed ]
Photography [edit]
Color photograph of the Taj Mahal. Source: The National Geographic Mag, March 1921
In improver to being well known for articles about scenery, history, and the virtually afar corners of the world, the magazine has been recognized for its book-like quality and its standard of photography. It was during the tenure of Society President Alexander Graham Bell and editor Gilbert H. Grosvenor (GHG) that the significance of illustration was first emphasized, in spite of criticism from some of the Lath of Managers who considered the many illustrations an indicator of an "unscientific" conception of geography. Past 1910, photographs had become the magazine'south trademark and Grosvenor was constantly on the search for "dynamical pictures" as Graham Bong called them, particularly those that provided a sense of motility in a notwithstanding image. In 1915, GHG began building the grouping of staff photographers and providing them with advanced tools including the latest darkroom.[xviii]
The mag began to feature some pages of color photography in the early on 1930s, when this technology was withal in its early development. During the mid-1930s, Luis Marden (1913–2003), a author and lensman for National Geographic, convinced the magazine to allow its photographers to utilize the so-called "miniature" 35 mm Leica cameras loaded with Kodachrome film over bulkier cameras with heavy glass plates that required the use of tripods.[19] In 1959, the magazine started publishing small photographs on its covers, after becoming larger photographs. National Geographic photography quickly shifted to digital photography for both its printed mag and its website. In subsequent years, the cover, while keeping its yellow edge, shed its oak leaf trim and bare table of contents, to let for a total page photograph taken for one of the month's articles. Bug of National Geographic are often kept by subscribers for years and re-sold at thrift stores as collectibles. The standard for photography has remained high over the subsequent decades and the magazine is still illustrated with some of the highest-quality photojournalism in the globe.[20] In 2006, National Geographic began an international photography competition, with over eighteen countries participating.[21]
In conservative Muslim countries like Iran and Malaysia, photographs featuring topless or scantily clad members of primitive tribal societies are often blacked out; buyers and subscribers often mutter that this practice decreases the artistic value of the photographs for which National Geographic is known.[ citation needed ]
Gallery [edit]
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Traditional butter making in Palestine (National Geographic Magazine March 1914)
-
Spanish Gypsy (National Geographic Mag March 1917)
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Kathmandu Market (National Geographic Mag Oct 1920)
Map supplements [edit]
Supplementing the articles, the magazine sometimes provides maps of the regions visited.[ commendation needed ]
National Geographic Maps (originally the Cartographic Division) became a division of the National Geographic Society in 1915. The first supplement map, which appeared in the May 1918 issue of the magazine, titled The Western Theatre of War, served as a reference for overseas war machine personnel and soldiers' families alike.[22] On some occasions, the Society's map athenaeum have been used by the United States government in instances where its own cartographic resources were express.[23] President Franklin D. Roosevelt'south White House map room was filled with National Geographic maps. A National Geographic map of Europe is featured in the displays of the Winston Churchill museum in London showing Churchill's markings at the Yalta Briefing where the Allied leaders divided mail-war Europe.[ commendation needed ]
In 2001, National Geographic released an viii-CD-ROM set containing all its maps from 1888 to December 2000. Printed versions are also available from the National Geographic website.[24]
Linguistic communication editions [edit]
First Ukrainian National Geographic magazine presentation
National Geographic English language editions collection
In April 1995, National Geographic began publishing in Japanese, its start local linguistic communication edition.[25] The mag is currently published in 29 local editions effectually the world.[26]
| Language | Website | Editor-in-chief | Outset issue |
|---|---|---|---|
| English language (United states) | ngm.com | Susan Goldberg | October 1888 |
| Standard arabic (United Arab Emirates) | ngalarabiya.com | Alsaad Omar Almenhaly | Oct 2010 |
| Bulgarian | nationalgeographic.bg | Krassimir Drumev | November 2005 |
| Chinese (Chinese mainland) | nationalgeographic.com.cn | Tianrang Mai | July 2007 |
| Chinese (Taiwan) | ngtaiwan.com | Yungshih Lee | January 2001 |
| Croatian | nationalgeographic.com.60 minutes | Hrvoje Prćić | November 2003 |
| Czech (Czech Republic/Slovakia) | national-geographic.cz | Tomáš Tureček | October 2002 |
| Dutch (Netherlands/Belgium) | nationalgeographic.nl | Arno Kantelberg | October 2000 |
| English (India) | nat-geo.in | Lakshmi Sankaran | |
| Estonian | nationalgeographic.ee | Erkki Peetsalu | October 2011 |
| French | nationalgeographic.fr | Gabriel Joseph-Dezaize | October 1999 |
| Georgian | nationalgeographic.ge | Natia Khuluzauri | Oct 2012 |
| German language | nationalgeographic.de | Werner Siefer | Oct 1999 |
| Hungarian | ng.hu | Tamás Vitray | March 2003 |
| Hebrew | nationalgeographic.co.il | Idit Elnatan | June 1998 |
| Indonesian | nationalgeographic.co.id | Didi Kaspi Kasim | Apr 2005 |
| Italian | nationalgeographic.it | Marco Cattaneo | February 1998 |
| Japanese | nationalgeographic.jp | Shigeo Otsuka | April 1995 |
| Kazakh | nationalgeographic.kz | Yerkin Zhakipov | Feb 2016 |
| Korean (Southward Korea) | nationalgeographic.co.kr | Junemo Kim | January 2000 |
| Lithuanian | nationalgeographic.lt | Frederikas Jansonas | Oct 2009 |
| Polish | nationalgeographic.pl | Agnieszka Franus | October 1999 |
| Portuguese (Portugal) | nationalgeographic.pt | Gonçalo Pereira | April 2001 |
| Serbian | nationalgeographic.rs | Igor Rill | Nov 2006 |
| Slovenian | nationalgeographic.si | Marija Javornik | April 2006 |
| Spanish (Latin America) | ngenespanol.com | Claudia Muzzi Turullols | Nov 1997 |
| Castilian (Spain) | nationalgeographic.com.es | Ismael Nafría | October 1997 |
| Thai | ngthai.com | Kowit Phadungruangkij | Baronial 2001 |
| Turkish | nationalgeographic.com.tr | Nesibe Bat | May 2001 |
[ citation needed ]
The following local-language editions have been discontinued:
| Language | Website | Beginning event | Final result | Number of problems |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mongolian | nationalgeographic.mn | October 2012 | June 2014 | 21 |
| Greek | nationalgeographic.gr | October 1998 | December 2014 | 194 |
| Ukrainian | April 2013 | January 2015 | 21 | |
| Azerbaijani | nationalgeographic.az | September 2014 | December 2015 | sixteen |
| Latvian | nationalgeographic.lv | October 2012 | March 2016 | 42 |
| Farsi (Iran) | www.ngmfarsi.com | October 2012 | September 2018 | 69 |
| Portuguese (Brazil) | nationalgeographicbrasil.com | May 2000 | November 2019 | 234 |
| Danish | natgeo.dk | September 2000 | December 2020 | 243 |
| Norwegian | natgeo.no | September 2000 | Dec 2020 | 243 |
| Swedish | natgeo.se | September 2000 | December 2020 | 243 |
| Finnish | natgeo.fi | Jan 2001 | Dec 2020 | 239 |
| Romanian[27] | natgeo.ro | May 2003 | December 2021 | 224 |
| Russian | nat-geo.ru | October 2003 | March 2022 | 221 |
[ citation needed ]
In association with Trends Publications in Beijing and IDG Asia, National Geographic has been authorized for "copyright cooperation" in China to publish the yellow-border magazine, which launched with the July 2007 issue of the magazine with an event in Beijing on July 10, 2007, and another event on December 6, 2007, in Beijing likewise celebrating the 29th anniversary of normalization of U.S.–Cathay relations featuring former President Jimmy Carter. The communist china version is ane of the two local-language editions that bump the National Geographic logo off its header in favor of a local-language logo; the other one is the Persian version published nether the name Gita Nama.[ citation needed ]
Worldwide editions are sold on newsstands in addition to regular subscriptions. In several countries, such as Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Turkey and Ukraine National Geographic paved the fashion for a subscription model in add-on to traditional newsstand sales.[ commendation needed ]In the Us, newsstand sales began in 1998; previously, membership in the National Geographic Society was the only style to receive the magazine.[ citation needed ]
Awards [edit]
On May 1, 2008, National Geographic won iii National Magazine Awards—an award solely for its written content—in the reporting category for an article by Peter Hessler on the Chinese economy; an laurels in the photojournalism category for work past John Stanmeyer on malaria in the Third World; and a prestigious award for general excellence.[28]
Between 1980 and 2011 the mag has won a total of 24 National Magazine Awards.[29]
In May 2006, 2007, and 2011 National Geographic magazine won the American Order of Mag Editors' General Excellence Award in the over ii million apportionment category. In 2010, National Geographic Magazine received the top ASME awards for photojournalism and essay. In 2011, National Geographic Magazine received the height-award from ASME—the Magazine of the Year Accolade.
In April 2014, National Geographic received the National Magazine Award ("Ellie") for best tablet edition for its multimedia presentation of Robert Draper's story "The Last Hunt," nearly the final days of a tornado researcher who was killed in the line of duty.[30]
In Feb 2017, National Geographic received the National Magazine Award ("Ellie") for all-time website.[31] National Geographic won the 2020 Webby Award for News & Magazines in the category Apps, Mobile & Phonation.[32] National Geographic won the 2020 Webby Award and Webby People'southward Voice Award for Magazine in the category Web.[32]
Controversies [edit]
On the magazine's Feb 1982 encompass, the pyramids of Giza were altered, resulting in the first major scandal of the digital photography historic period and contributing to photography'due south "waning brownie".[33]
The encompass of the October 1988 issue featured a photo of a large ivory male portrait whose authenticity, especially the alleged Water ice Age provenance, has been questioned.[34]
In 1999, the magazine was embroiled in the Archaeoraptor scandal, in which it purported to have a fossil linking birds to dinosaurs. The fossil was a forgery.[ commendation needed ]
In 2010, the magazine's Your Shot competition was awarded to William Lascelles for a photograph presented as a portrait of a dog with fighter jets flying over its shoulder. Lascelles had, in reality, created the epitome using photo editing software.[35]
In March 2018, the editor of National Geographic, Susan Goldberg, said that historically the magazine's coverage of people around the world had been racist. Goldberg stated that the mag ignored non-white Americans and showed different groups as exotic, thereby promoting racial clichés.[36]
See also [edit]
- Asian Geographic
- Australian Geographic
- Canadian Geographic and Géographica in Canada
- Chinese National Geography (founded in 1949)
- Chris Johns (photographer), staff photographer and subsequently, editor-in-chief (2005–2014) of the magazine
- GEO, Germany
- Joel Sartore staff lensman, head of The Photo Ark project
- John Patric, noted author for National Geographic during the 1930s and 1940s
- National Geographic Kids
- National Geographic Traveler
- The Photograph Ark
- Royal Geographical Lodge
- Vokrug sveta (Russian: Effectually the World)
References [edit]
- ^ a b c "Masthead: National Geographic Magazine". National Geographic. July 1, 2014. Archived from the original on July i, 2014. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
- ^ "AAM: Total Circ for Consumer Magazines poopooshitfart". Alliance for Audited Media. December 31, 2013. Archived from the original on April xviii, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
- ^ Celebrating 125 years
- ^ "Contact United states of america". National Geographic. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
- ^ "National Geographic Society Founded". Jan 11, 2021.
- ^ Farhi, Paul (September ix, 2014). "National Geographic gives Fox control of media assets in $725 1000000 deal". The Washington Mail service. Washington, DC. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
- ^ "National Geographic Boilerplates". National Geographic Printing Room. National Geographic Society. April 2015. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
Published in English and nearly 40 local-language editions, National Geographic magazine has a global circulation of around half dozen.7 million.
- ^ "Summit 100 Instagrammers". Retrieved May 26, 2021.
- ^ Howard, Brian Clark (February 3, 2015). "National Geographic Wins National Magazine Awards". National Geographic . Retrieved November 19, 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link) - ^ amyatwired (January 27, 2010). "Jan. 27, 1888: National Geographic Lodge Gets Going". Wired . Retrieved September 8, 2017.
- ^ Parker, Laura (September nine, 2015). "National Geographic and 21st Century Fox Expand Media Partnership". Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ Szalai, Georg; Bail, Paul (March 20, 2019). "Disney Closes $71.3 Billion Play tricks Deal, Creating Global Content Powerhouse". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March xx, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
- ^ Goldman, David (Dec xiv, 2017). "Disney buys 21st Century Fox: Who gets what". CNNMoney . Retrieved December 14, 2017.
- ^ Steinberg, Brian (August 29, 2019). "Disney Layoffs Affect National Geographic". Variety . Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- ^ Bryan, C.D.B, "The National Geographic Society, 100 Years of Adventure and Discovery," Abrams Inc., New York, 1997
- ^ "Evolution of National Geographic Magazine" (PDF) . Retrieved July 13, 2014.
- ^ The Consummate National Geographic. ISBN 978-one-4262-9635-2.
- ^ Wentzel, Volmar Yard (1998). "GILBERT HOVEY GROSVENOR, FATHER OF PHOTOJOURNALISM". Cosmos Lodge. Cosmos Club. Archived from the original on February 24, 2015. Retrieved Jan xviii, 2015.
Photographs had unquestionably become the Mag's trademark. They confirmed GHG's confidence, "If the National Geographic Magazine is to progress, information technology must constantly ameliorate the quality of its illustrations..." At first he borrowed, then bought and probably would take stolen "dynamical" photographs, if in 1915 he had not engaged Franklin L. Fisher every bit his Chief of Illustrations.
- ^ Wentzel, Volmar K (1998). "GILBERT HOVEY GROSVENOR, Father OF PHOTOJOURNALISM". Creation Club. Creation Lodge. Archived from the original on February 24, 2015. Retrieved Jan 18, 2015.
- ^ "Milestone Photos". Photo Galleries - Celebrating 125 Years. National Geographic Order. 2013. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ "Named The Best Travel Photos Of The Year, And They Are Stunning". Digg.com. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
- ^ "Maps of the News – December 2009 Edition", Contours, The Official National Geographic Maps Blog, posted December 17, 2009,
- ^ Grosvenor, Gilbert (1950). Map Services of the National Geographic Society. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Social club. A Map Chiffonier containing over eighteen National Geographic maps has been presented to every U.S. president since President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
- ^ National Geographic
- ^ David Walker (April 1995). "Geographic names new editor; launches Japanese edition". Photo District News. 15 (iv). Retrieved July i, 2020.
- ^ "February Mag Covers from Around the Globe". Feb sixteen, 2021.
- ^ "Cel puțin deocamdată, revista National Geographic nu va mai apărea în țara noastră – Revista National Geographic Romania".
- ^ Pérez-Peña, Richard. "National Geographic Wins iii Awards, Honored Across Photography". The New York Times, May ii, 2008. Accessed January 8, 2010.
- ^ "American Society of Magazine Editors database". Magazine.org. Archived from the original on May 26, 2011. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
- ^ Howard, Brian Clark (May one, 2014). "National Geographic Wins National Magazine Awards". NGS. National Geographic Social club. Retrieved January eighteen, 2016.
The annual National Magazine Awards are considered the premier awards for magazine journalism and are administered past the American Society of Mag Editors in association with the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. Winners were appear at a dinner in New York.
- ^ "ELLIE AWARDS 2017 WINNERS Appear | ASME". www.magazine.org. Archived from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved March vii, 2017.
- ^ a b Kastrenakes, Jacob (May twenty, 2020). "Here are all the winners of the 2020 Webby Awards". The Verge . Retrieved May 22, 2020.
- ^ "Faking it: Manipulated Photography Before Photoshop", Mia Fineman. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2012. Retrieved 28 jan 2017
- ^ Paul Grand. Bahn (1998). The Cambridge Illustrated History of Prehistoric Fine art . Cambridge University Press. p. 154. ISBN978-0521454735.
- ^ "National Geographic Admits Photo Fraud (Plus: 10 Major Photoshopping Scandals)", Antonina Jedrzejczak. Business Insider. June 11, 2010. Retrieved 28 jan 2017
- ^ "National Geographic admits 'racist' past". BBC News. March 13, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
Further reading [edit]
- Robert M. Poole, Explorers House: National Geographic and the Globe information technology Made, 2004; reprint, Penguin Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-14-303593-0
- Stephanie L. Hawkins, American Iconographic: "National Geographic," Global Civilisation, and the Visual Imagination, University of Virginia Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-8139-2966-8, 264 pages. A scholarly written report of the magazine's rising as a cultural establishment that uses the letters of its founders and its readers; argues that National Geographic encouraged readers to question Western values and identify with others.
- Moseley, W.G. 2005. "Reflecting on National Geographic Magazine and Academic Geography: The September 2005 Special Issue on Africa" African Geographical Review. 24: 93–100.
External links [edit]
- Official website
- All the magazine'southward covers published since 1888 until the twelvemonth 2000
- Archived National Geographic magazines on the Internet Annal
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic
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